John Winthrop
John Winthrop 12 January 1588– 26 March 1649 was a wealthy English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in New England after Plymouth Colony. Winthrop led the first large wave of migrants from England in 1630, and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years of existence.
A Model of Christian Charity
"A Model of Christian Charity" is a 1630 sermon by Puritan layman and leader John Winthrop, who delivered on board the ship Arabella while en route to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It is best known for applying the phrase "City upon a Hill" to the founding of America, subsequently used to describe American exceptionalism. Although known by reputation and preserved in contemporary manuscript copy held by the New-York Historical Society, the sermon was not published until the 1830s.
New England Way
The New England Way was the way in which the society in New England related to ecclesiastical polity, the church, civil authority and the general way of life in theMassachusetts Bay Colony.
Roger Williams
Roger Williams (c. 1603 – between January and March 1683) was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities.
Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson, born Anne Marbury (1591–1643), was a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. Her strong religious convictions were at odds with the established Puritan clergy in the Boston area, and her popularity and charisma helped create a theological schism that threatened to destroy the Puritans' religious experiment in New England. She was eventually tried and convicted, then banished from the colony with many of her supporters.
Restoration
1660. Monarchs "restored" (returned) to power in England; Charles II becomes king. Parliament and laws were above the ruler's power.
Pequot War
The Pequot War was an armed conflict between 1634 and 1638 between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay,Plymouth, Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies.